As dogs grow older, many changes take place in both their bodies and their behaviour. However, these changes often go unnoticed until they start to affect their quality of life. In collaboration with an experienced veterinarian from Dasivet Veterinary Practice, we've brought together the key points every owner of a senior dog should know. Drawing on more than 20 years of experience in primary care, Dr Lobke Simoen shares practical advice on recognising age-related conditions at an early stage and helping your dog enjoy the best possible quality of life.
When is a dog considered a senior?
One of the first questions many dog owners ask is: When is my dog considered a senior? The answer depends largely on your dog's breed and size.
- Large breeds (such as Great Danes, Bernese Mountain Dogs and Labrador Retrievers): typically from around 6 to 7 years of age
- Medium-sized breeds (such as Border Collies, Beagles and Cocker Spaniels): typically from around 7 to 8 years of age
- Small breeds (such as Chihuahuas and Maltese): typically from around 9 to 10 years of age
"Once a dog reaches its senior years, I recommend a check-up at least twice a year. Many age-related conditions develop gradually and are barely noticeable in the early stages."
Why are preventive check-ups so important for older dogs?
Ageing often brings changes that are only subtle at first. Your dog may still seem "like his usual self", but health problems can already be developing internally.
Common age-related conditions include:
- kidney disease
- hart disease
- osteoarthritis
- hormonal disorders (such as Cushing's disease or thyroid disorders)
"Preventive health screening helps us detect problems even before your dog starts showing symptoms. This makes a significant difference to both the treatment outcomes and the quality of life."
Osteoarthritis in senior dogs: an underestimated problem
Osteoarthritis is one of the most common conditions in older dogs. Nevertheless, it often goes unnoticed until a later stage because dogs are very good at hiding pain.
Signs of osteoarthritis include:
- Difficulty getting up after resting
- Less interest in going for a walk or playing
- Stiffness when getting up
- Not being able to jump as high any more (e.g. into the car or onto the couch)
- Walking more slowly or limping
Many owners assume that their dog is "just getting a little older", but this is not always the case. Fortunately, there are several treatment options that can significantly improve a dog’s quality of life, including:
- tailored pain relief
- nutritional supplements for joints
- adapted exercise
- physiotherapy or hydrotherapy
The most important advice? Don't wait too long. The sooner osteoarthritis is addressed, the better the results.
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Senior dog nutrition: fewer calories, more support
Another important consideration is your dog's weight. As dogs grow older, their energy requirements often decrease, while their appetite usually stays the same.
This can cause obesity, which in turn places additional strain on the:
- joints
- heart
- lungs
A diet formulated for senior dogs typically contains:
- fewer calories
- high-quality protein
- extra fibre
- joint-supporting ingredients (e.g. glucosamine or chondroitin)
- in some cases, adjusted mineral levels to support kidney and heart health
Senior dog food not only helps maintain a healthy weight, but also provides the nutritional support an ageing body needs.
Tip from the veterinarian: Weigh your dog regularly and adjust portion sizes when needed. Small changes can make a big difference over time.
Dental problems in older dogs: often overlooked, always important
Dental health is one of the most overlooked aspects of a dog's wellbeing, despite having a major impact on overall health.
In senior dogs, veterinarians commonly see:
- tartar build-up
- gum disease
- loose teeth
- pain while eating
What many owners don't realise is that dental disease not only causes pain. The bacteria from dental disease can spread through the bloodstream and affect other organs, such as the heart and kidneys.
Signs of dental problems include:
- bad breath
- reluctance to chew dry kibble
- excessive drooling
- red or bleeding gums
An annual dental check-up is therefore not a luxury, but an essential part of senior dog care.
Everything you need for your dog's dental care:
Behaviour changes with age
Alongside physical changes, a senior dog's behaviour may also change with age. Some dogs become calmer, while others may become more restless or confused.
Possible behavioural changes include:
- sleeping more
- less interest in playtime
- being restless during the night
- reduced hearing or vision in some cases, signs of cognitive decline (similar to dementia in humans)
These changes are not always simply part of "getting older" and may require veterinary attention. An early check-up can help identify or rule out any underlying medical conditions and ensure your dog receives the appropriate care.
How often should a senior dog visit the vet?
Once your dog reaches its senior years, it is recommended to schedule a check-up at least twice a year.
During these visits, your veterinarian may assess your dog's:
- blood test results
- urine test results
- weight and body condition score
- heart and lung auscultation
- dental health
- joint health and mobility
Improving your senior dog's quality of life
Growing older is not a disease. With the right care, your dog can continue to enjoy a comfortable and happy life for years to come.
Here are a few practical tips:
1. Keep your dog active
Short, regular walks are better than long, strenuous exercise.
2. Adjust their diet
Choose a food formulated for senior dogs and help your dog maintain a healthy weight.
3. Prioritise comfort
A soft or orthopaedic dog bed can help relieve pressure on ageing joints.
4. Provide mental stimulation
Puzzle toys and gentle games help keep your dog's mind active.
5. Schedule regular check-ups
Preventive veterinary care remains one of the most important ways to keep your senior dog healthy.
Giving your dog the best senior years
Every dog deserves to enjoy their senior years in comfort and dignity. By recognising changes in your dog's health at an early stage, many age-related problems can be prevented or significantly slowed down.
As Dr Lobke Simoen of Dasivet Veterinarians puts it:
"Senior dogs may need a little extra care, but above all, they deserve just as much love and attention. With regular check-ups, appropriate nutrition and ongoing veterinary care, we can work together to help them enjoy a old age comfortably."
Growing older brings its challenges, but it also offers an opportunity to give your dog the extra care they deserve. By recognising the early signs of age-related health problems, scheduling regular veterinary check-ups, and adapting your dog's diet and lifestyle, you can significantly improve their quality of life.
Want to make sure your dog is getting the care they need? Booking an appointment with your veterinarian is the best place to start.
In collaboration with vet Lobke Simoen
This blog was produced in collaboration with veterinarian Lobke Simoen of Dasivet Veterinarians. Her expertise allows us to share valuable tips and practical advice to make your pet’s life healthier and happier.